What can cause TEWL in relation to skincare products?

Trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) refers to the loss of water vapor from the skin's surface, which can compromise skin hydration and barrier function. Using exfoliants improperly can lead to TEWL because over-exfoliation or using the wrong type of exfoliant can strip the skin of its natural protective barrier. Exfoliants work by removing dead skin cells, but if used too frequently or aggressively, they can damage the skin's lipid barrier, which is essential for retaining moisture.

When the skin's barrier becomes compromised, its ability to lock in water decreases, leading to increased water loss. This can result in dry, irritated skin that is more susceptible to environmental stressors and further exacerbates dehydration. Therefore, the correct answer highlights the critical importance of using exfoliating products with care and following appropriate guidelines to maintain skin health and minimize TEWL.

Other options, such as high humidity, regular cleansing, and daily moisturizing, generally contribute to maintaining skin hydration rather than causing increased TEWL. High humidity can help retain moisture, regular cleansing can remove impurities without compromising the barrier if done correctly, and moisturizing daily is essential for keeping the skin hydrated and preventing water loss.